Shahjahan (Mugal emperor)

Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram [3] (Persian: شهاب‌ الدین محمد خرم; 5 January 1592 - 22 January 1666), [5] best known by his royal name, Shah Jahan (Persian: شاه جهان, lit. 'King of the World '), [6] was the fifth Mughal emperor, and he ruled from 1628 to 1658. [7] Under his rule, the Mughal Empire reached its peak of cultural glory. [8] Although a capable military commander, Shah Jahan is best remembered for his architectural achievements. His reign ushered in a golden age of Mughal construction. Shah Jahan has sent many memorials, best known for the Taj Mahal in Agra, in which his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, is buried. His relationship with Mumtaz Mahal has changed dramatically in Indian art, literature and film. He was in charge of the royal treasury and several precious stones like Kohinoor and is therefore often considered the richest man in history.

Jahan is considered to be the most powerful of the four sons of Emperor Jahangir. The death of Jahangir in late 1627 sparked a succession war, in which Shahan Jahan succeeded after a great coup. He assassinated all his opponents in the throne and crowned himself emperor in January 1628 in Agra, under the title "state of the empire" Shah Jahan "(originally given the royal title). His reign has resulted in many major construction projects, including the Red Fort and the Shah Jahan Mosque. Foreign affairs saw war with the Davidis and conflicts with the Portuguese, as well as good relations with the Ottoman Empire. Domestic concerns include putting down many rebellions, and devastating famines from 1630-32.

In September 1657, Shah Jahan became seriously ill. This sparked a succession of battles between his four sons when his third son, Aurangzeb, emerged victorious and took his father's throne. [9] Shah Jahan recovered from his illness, but Emperor Aurangzeb housed his father at Agra Fort from July 1658 until his death in January 1666. [10] He is buried next to his wife at the Taj Mahal.

Early lifeEdit

Birth and backgroundEdit

Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram was born on January 5, 1592 in western indies, eastern Pakistan's present-day Lahore, in Pakistan, and was the third son of Prince Salim (later known as 'Jahangir' during his reign). [11] Her mother was the Rajput princess of Marwar called Princess Jagat Gosaini (her official name in Mughal history was Bilqis Makani). The word "Khurram" (joyous) was chosen by a young prince by his grandfather, Emperor Akbar, a young prince with whom he had a close relationship. [11]

Shortly before Khurram's birth, a fortune-teller reportedly announced to the childless Queen, Ruqaiya Sultan Begum, Akbar's first wife and queen, that an unborn child was destined for supremacy. [12] Thus, when Khurram was born in 1592 and was only six days old, Akbar ordered that the prince be removed from his mother and given to Ruqaiya to grow under his care, so that Akbar could fulfill his wife's desire to raise the Mughal emperor. [12] Ruqaiya took on the main responsibility of raising Khurram and grew up under him. [13] The two shared a close relationship. Jahangir noted in his writings that Ruqaiya loved his son, Khurram, "a thousand times more than he was his son." [14]

Khurram stayed with him until he was about 14 years old. After Akbar's death in 1605, the young prince was allowed to return to his father's home and, therefore, closer to his biological mother. [12]

Education Planning

As a child, Khurram received a comprehensive education that suited his position as a Mughal prince, which included training in various forms of art, such as poetry and ancient Hindustani music, most of which had been taught, according to court writers, by Akbar and Ruqaiya. In 1605, while Akbar was lying in his deathbed, Khurram, then 13 years old, [15] [full quote needed] remained beside his bed and refused to move even after his mother tried to find him. Given the uncertain and political moments that preceded Akbar's death, Khurram was in grave danger of physical harm from his father's political opponents, [16] His conduct at this time can be understood as a precursor of courage later known. [17]

The rebellion of Khusrau

In 1605, his father succeeded to the throne, after ending a revolt by Prince Khusrau - Khurram stayed away from court politics and controversy after the event, which seemed to be a decision made by Jahangir. [18] required] As a third son, Khurram did not challenge the two great blocks of the time, his father and his younger brother; therefore, he enjoyed the benefits of state protection and luxury while being allowed to continue his education and training. This period of his quiet and stable life allowed Khurram to build his support base in the Mughal court, which would be useful later in his life. [19]

Nur JahanHlela

As a result of a long-running feud between his father and his brother, Khurram began to draw closer to his father, and in time, he began to be regarded as heir apparent by court clerks. This position was given official recognition when Jahangir conferred the sarkar of Kissar-Feroza, who used to be the heir apparent, to Khurram in 1608. [20] Nur Jahan was a brilliant young woman with a fine educational background. He had played a significant role in Jahangir's decisions. Gradually, as he became a real power on the throne, Jahangir began to indulge in wine and opium. Coins were first minted containing his name and the name of Jahangir. His close relatives and acquaintances have secured important positions in the Mughal court, called Nur Jahan junta by historians. After Jahangir's death in 1627, Nur Jahan was imprisoned and led a life of peace until